Session 7

Open-system carbon dioxide removal

September 9, 2025

Dr. Antonius Gagern and Dai Ellis, Executive Director and CEO of The Carbon to Sea Initiative and Cascade Climate, respectively, provide an overview of the open-system carbon dioxide removal ecosystem. They explore what open-system CDR is, why open-system approaches are suited for scale, the pros and cons of open-system approaches, research progress that’s been made, current roadblocks hit, and what’s necessary to advance the field.

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